Management - Four examples of formal groups

NAME: NURUL AFIAH BINTI ABDUL KARIM

Tutorial 5

a.      Four examples of formal groups

Command Groups

Groups that are determined by the organization chart and composed of individuals who report directly to a given manager.

Task Groups

Group composed of individuals brought together to complete a specific job task such as their axistence is often temporary because when the task is complete, the group disbands.

Cross-functional Teams

Groups thet bring together the knowledge and skills of individuals various work areas or groups whose members have been trained to do each others’ jobs.

Self-managed Teams

Groups that are essentially independent and that, in addition to their own tasks, take on traditional managerial responsibilities, such as hiring, planing and scheduling, and evaluating performance.

b.      The five stages of group development

Forming stage

The first stage of group development in which people join the group and then define the group’s purpose, structure, and leadership

Storming stage

The second stage of group development, characterized by intragroup conflict

Norming stage

The third stage of group development, characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness.

Performing stage  

The fourth stage of group development when the group is fully functional and works on group task.

Adjourning 

The final stage of group development for temporary groups during which group members are concerned with wrapping up activities rather than task performance.

c.      Various aspects of group structure

Role  

Behavior patterns expected of someone occupying a given position in a social unit.

Norms  

Standards or expectations that are accepted and shared by a group’s members.

Groupthink  

When a group exerts extensive pressure on an individual to align his or her opinion with that of others.

Status  

A prestige grading, position, or rank within a group.

Social loafing  

The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually.

Group cohesiveness  

The degree to which group members are attracted to one another and share the group’s goals.